Pronunciation rules
Stress
In the pronounced form, the syllable that is stressed is underlined.
In most words, the second to last syllable is usually stressed.
'iftakar إفتـَكـَرkutub كـُتـُبmudaKan مـُد َخـَنThe stress moves to the last syllable if it contains a long vowel (alif, wow, yeh) or ends with a double consonant. Remember that the letter AIN is treated as a consonant.
taAbaan تـَعبا َنmaftooh مـَفتوحyidu'' يـِد ُقّThis means that the stress will move if suffixes are added to a word.
Feminine endings
When a word ends in _aaCiC (where C is any consonant) has a feminine ending attached, the i disappears and the aa is pronounced as an a.
waahid وا َحـِد -> wahda وا َحد َةElision
If a word ends with a vowel and the first vowel of the next word is either an i or a u, the words are run together (elided) and the i or u omitted.
'inta mineen? إنت َ مـِنين؟ -> 'intamneen? إنتـَمنين؟This also happens if you attach an object suffix that begins with an i.
consonant clusters
If putting two words next to each other makes more than two consonants in a row, a shwa (which sounds like a short a) is inserted between the words.
baAd kidah بـَعد كـِد َه -> baAdakidah بـَعد َكـِد َهSun letters
If the definite article, il- ا ِلـ, is attached to a word that begins with a sun-letter ( t ت, s س, sh ش, z ذ, r ر, z ز, S ص, D ض, T ط, Z ظ, n ن ) the word is written the same, but when spoken the l ل is dropped and the sun-letter is doubled
il- shams ا ِلـ شـَمس -> ishshams ا ِشّـَمسExceptions
The pronunciation of some pronoun and verb endings is a little unusual. For
the you(pl) 'intu إنتوا subject pronoun and for you(pl) and they in the
verb perfect, the ending is written -w a ـو اَ but pronounced -uh ــُه.
The word because is written Aalashaan عـَلـَشا َن
but pronounced Aashaan عـَشا َن.
The word orange is written burtu'aal بـُرتـُقا َل
but pronounced burtu'aan بـُرتـُقا َن.